European medicinal mushrooms: Do they have potential for modern medicine? – An update |
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| Institution: | 1. Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115B, 79111 Freiburg, Germany;2. Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50, 4056 Basel, Switzerland;3. Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, F.-l.-Jahn-Str. 17, 17487 Greifswald, Germany;1. State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China;2. Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China;3. Institute of Vegetable Research, Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Science, PR China;4. Tibet Lingzhi Bio-tech Co., Ltd, No. 15, Galsang Road, Economic & Hi-Tech Development Area, Lhasa, PR China;5. State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, PR China;1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Parana, CP 19046, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;2. Division of Glycoscience, AlbaNova University Centre, Royal Institute of Technology, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden;3. Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Parana, CP 19046, Curitiba, PR, Brazil;4. Plant Research International, Wageningen University and Research, Bornsesteeg 1, 6708 PD Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundThe application of mushrooms for health purposes has a long tradition and is very common in Asian countries. This trend is also becoming increasingly popular in the western hemisphere. However, mushrooms from European tradition are being treated in a restrained manner despite having significant potential as drugs or as sources of pure bioactive substances.Aim: The present review provides an overview of the most important mushrooms used in European ethnomedical traditions and explores their pharmacological potential and the challenges for the development of new drugs from these sources of natural products.Method: Mushroom species were selected based on information in old herbal books and dispensaries, uninterrupted use and scientific literature in the PubMed database up to June 2019.Results: Traditional experiences and modern studies have demonstrated that medical mushrooms used in European traditions have promising distinct pharmacological potential mediated through defined mechanisms (anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and anti-bacterial). However, the number of modern chemical, biological and pharmacological studies remains relatively small, and some mushroom species have not been studied at all. Unfortunately, no valid clinical studies can be found. Unlike the case with herbal and fungal drugs from traditional Chinese medicine, we are far from comprehensively exploring this potential.Conclusions: Mushrooms from traditional European medicine have the potential to be used in modern medicine. Considerable research, interdisciplinary collaboration, involvement of the pharmaceutical industry, time and money are necessary to explore this potential not only in the form of dietary supplements but also in the form of approved drugs. |
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