Metal and essential element levels in hair and association with autism severity |
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| Affiliation: | 1. The Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;2. The Oxidation Biology Unit, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;3. The Centre for Mental Health, the Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University, Hawthorne, Victoria, Australia;4. Neuropharmacology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;5. Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;6. The Alzheimer''s Research UK Cambridge Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, UK;1. Health Research Institute of Granada (ibs.GRANADA), 18012 Granada, Spain;2. Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain;3. Department of Legal Medicine, Toxicology, and Physical Anthropology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;4. Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, and Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;5. Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Jaume I University-University of Valencia, 46020 Valencia, Spain;6. BIODONOSTIA Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain;7. University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 20018 San Sebastián, Spain;8. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain;9. Subdirección de Salud Pública de Gipuzkoa, Department of Health of the Basque Government, 20013 San Sebastián, Spain;10. ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), 08036 Barcelona, Spain;11. Pompeu Fabra Universtiy (UPF), 08002 Barcelona, Spain;12. Genomics and Disease Group, Bioinformatics and Genomics Program, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), 08003 Barcelona, Spain;13. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre–Sophia Children''s Hospital, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands;14. Cicom, Alternativa en Salud Mental, 33001 Oviedo, Spain;15. Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundAutism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex disorder with heterogeneous etiology and wide clinical severity which supports the needs of recognizing biological and clinical features in patient subsets. The present study aimed to understand possible associations between the hair levels of metals and essential elements and some specific features of ASD measured by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) that represents the gold-standard instrument to objectively confirm ASD diagnosis.MethodsA cross-sectional study was performed in the province of Catania (Sicily, South Italy). Forty-eight subjects with ASD (70.8% male), aged from 2 to 17 years were studied. Metals (Li, Be, Al, Ni, As, Mo, Cd, Hg, U, Pb) and essential trace elements (Cr, Co, Mn, Zn, Cu, Se) were quantified in hair by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. Participants were characterized by measuring the severity of autism symptoms and cognitive levels.ResultsA significant and positive correlation was found between hair metal burden (lead, aluminum, arsenic and cadmium levels) and severity of ASD symptoms (social communication deficits and repetitive, restrictive behaviors). Hair zinc level were inversely related with age while there was a negative, significant association between hair zinc level and severity of autistic symptoms (defective functional play and creativity and increase of stereotyped behavior). Lead, molybdenum and manganese hair levels were inversely correlated with cognitive level (full intelligence quotient) in ASD individuals.ConclusionsThe present study suggests the importance to combine metallomics analysis with pertinent disease features in ASD to identify potential environmental risk factors on an individual level possibly in the early developmental period. |
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| Keywords: | Metals Trace elements Autism Severity |
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