Pluripotent stem cell models of early mammalian development |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Mammalian Embryo and Stem Cell Group, Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DY, UK;2. California Institute of Technology, Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, 1200 E. California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;3. Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK;4. Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK;1. Gene Expression Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproductive Technology and Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China;3. Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China;4. Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;5. Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;6. School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, 529020, China;7. University of Peking, 5 Yiheyuan Rd, Haidian Qu, Beijing 100871, China;8. Universidad Catolica, San Antonio de Murcia, Campus de los Jeronimos, 135, Guadalupe 30107, Murcia, Spain;1. Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter EX4 4QD, UK;3. Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK |
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| Abstract: | Pluripotent stem cells derived from the early mammalian embryo offer a convenient model system for studying cell fate decisions in embryogenesis. The last 10 years have seen a boom in the popularity of two-dimensional micropatterns and three-dimensional stem cell culture systems as a way to recreate the architecture and interactions of particular cell populations during development. These methods enable the controlled exploration of cellular organization and patterning during development, using cell lines instead of embryos. They have established a new class of in vitro model system for pre-implantation and peri-implantation embryogenesis, ranging from models of the blastocyst stage, through gastrulation and toward early organogenesis. This review aims to set these systems in context and to highlight the strengths and suitability of each approach in modelling early mammalian development. |
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| Keywords: | Stem cell Development Micropattern Blastoid ETX-Embryo Organoid Embryoid body Gastruloid Embryo |
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