长江口塔玛亚历山大藻孢囊的形成、发展及其与赤潮动力学的关系

有毒甲藻棗塔玛亚历山大藻(Alexandrium tamarense(Leboru)Balech)在低氮的F2培养液中会形成休眠孢囊.在试验的递度中,f20NO3-诱导效率最高,一次性培养中孢囊形成率达到2%.大约73.2%和17.6%的孢囊在接种后的第八天和第九天形成.新形成的孢囊3d后红色体开始出现,并持续地分泌粘性物质,这可能有助于孢囊的扩散和生存.孢囊在15和20℃保存下的休眠期分别为15和10d.孢囊需要温度的改变就能萌发,在20℃条件下孢囊密度分别降到了4.5和0.9个g,说明2002年亚历山大大藻孢囊在春季和各有一次萌发.赤潮发生过程中产生的孢囊会很快通过萌发回到水体中,无论季节和水温如何.2003年5月DG-26站位表层沉积物中亚历山大藻孢囊密度只有3.3个g,但这些孢囊均是新形成的.在长江口,种群初始的大小不是决定塔玛亚历山大藻赤潮发生的关键因素.

Cyst Formation,Development of Alexandrium tamarense from Yangtse River Estuary and Its Relation to Bloom Dynamics

The toxic dinoflagellate - Alexandrium tamarense (Lebour) Balech, formed resting cysts in f/2 media with low nitrate concentrations. Among the concentrations tested, f/20 NO₃^- was the most effective to induction with an encystment percentage of 2.0 in batch culture. About 73.2% and 17.6% of cysts were produced on 8 and 9 d after transferring. Newly formed cysts developed accumulation body 3 d later and kept forming mucilaginous substance, which might help their dispersal and survival. The mandatory dormancy period of resting cysts was 15 and 10 d when stored at 15 and 20 ℃ respectively. The cysts could germinate without temperature change, with germination of 75.6% 20 d after formation at 20 ℃. The Alexandrium cyst density in the surface sediment of DG-26 station reached above 25 cysts/g in May and November of 2002, and dropped to 4.5 and 0.9 cysts/g in August of 2002 and February of 2003, suggesting that Alexandrium cysts might have germinated in spring and autumn 2002. Cysts produced during the bloom returned to water column soon, whatever the season and water temperature were. The cyst density in the surface sediment at DG-26 station in May, 2003 was only 3.3 cysts/g and the cysts were newly formed. In the Yangtse River estuary, the inoculum size was not a major factor to determine the outbreak of A. tamarense bloom.