草菇子代单孢菌株的菌落类型与A因子分布规律研究

根据菌株在培养皿中的生长情况,草菇V23的124个单孢分离菌株可分为气生型和匍匐型两大类,气生型菌株为44株,匍匐型菌株为80株。根据草菇A因子相关特异性分子标记,PCR验证单孢萌发菌株的A因子中的A1、A2分子标记的分布情况,探讨了A因子与不同菌落形态的相关性。试验结果表明:124株菌株中,同核体101株,异核体为23株,所占比例分别为81.45%和18.55%。气生型的草菇单孢菌株A1因子为20株,占气生型菌株比例为45.45%,气生型的草菇单孢菌株A2因子为15株,其比例为34.09%;匍匐型的草菇单孢菌株A1因子为15株,占匍匐型菌株比例为18.75%,匍匐型的草菇菌株A2因子为51株,其比例为63.75%,未能发现A因子与菌落形态之间的明显相关性。选用不同A因子,不同菌落表型的草菇菌株相互交配,经PCR筛选,获得20株真正的杂交菌株,杂交菌株的菌落形态气生型与匍匐型占的比例为1:1。表明只要气生型菌丝参与杂交,其杂交菌株的菌落形态则是以气生型为主;匍匐型与匍匐型杂交后的菌丝也不全是气生型,而是以匍匐型为优势群体。选取8株杂交菌株进行岀菇,只有1株产生子实体。

Distribution of A factor and the colony phenotype in single spore isolates of Volvariella volvacea

In order to verify the genetic character of Volvariella volvacea, 124 single spore isolates of the strain V23 were selected. Colony morphology on the flat plate was observed. Two kinds of colony phenotype were roughly divided: aerial type (44 isolates) and creeping type (80 isolates). PCR amplification and molecular markers associated with mating factors were used for testing and verifing the distribution of A1 and A2 factors. Among all the dicaryotic strains, the number of homokaryon was 101 and heterokaryon 23, with the proportion of 81.45% and 18.55%, respectively. The number of isolates with A1 factor was 20 amounting to 45.45% of the aerial type isolates. The number of isolates with A2 factor was 15 amounting to 34.09% of the aerial type isolates. The number of creeping type isolates with A1 factor was 15 amounting to 18.75% of creeping type isolates. A2 factor was predominant in creeping type isolates and there were 51, sharing 63.75%. There is no connection between A factor and colony phenotype. Through crossing between isolates of different phenotype with different A factor and then screening by PCR, we obtained true 20 hybrids. The proportion of aerial type to creeping type is 1:1. As long as the aerial type took part in the hybridization, the majority of the colony phenotype in the hybrids was aerial. Hybridization between isolates of creeping type resulted in that the majority of the phenotype in the hybrids was creeping. Fruiting experiment of 8 hybrids selected showed that, only one could fruit.