Diversification of three <Emphasis Type="Italic">APETALA1/FRUITFULL</Emphasis>-like genes in wheat |
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Authors: | Hiroko Kinjo Naoki Shitsukawa Shigeo Takumi Koji Murai |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University, Matsuoka-kenjojima, Eiheiji-cho, Yoshida-gun, Fukui 910-1195, Japan;(2) Department of Agrobioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan; |
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Abstract: | The genomes of grass family species have three paralogs of APETALA1/FRUITFULL (AP1/FUL)-like genes (FUL1, FUL2 and FUL3) that are derived from the FUL lineage. In this study, we focus on the different roles of the wheat AP1/FUL-like genes, WFUL1 (identical to VRN1), WFUL2 and WFUL3, during the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. Sequence analysis indicated that there was a high level of
variability in the amino acid sequence of the C-domain among three WFUL genes. Expression analyses using the spring wheat cultivar Chinese Spring indicated that WFUL1/VRN1 was expressed in leaves as well as spike primordia of non-vernalized plants at the vegetative stage just before phase transition,
while WFUL2 and WFUL3 were not expressed in leaves. This result indicates that WFUL1/VRN1 performs a distinct role in leaves before phase transition. In young spikes, WFUL1/VRN1 and WFUL3 were expressed in all developing floral organs, whereas WFUL2 expression was restricted in the floral organs to the lemma and palea. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and three-hybrid analyses
revealed that WFUL2, but not WFUL1/VRN1 or WFUL3, interacted with class B and class E proteins. These results suggest that
WFUL2 of wheat has class A functions in specifying the identities of floral meristems and outer floral organs (lemma and palea)
through collaboration with class B and class E genes. |
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