Storm-induced coral rubble deposition: Pleistocene records of natural reef disturbance and community response.

Shallow-water Pleistocene coral reef facies in Barbados (dominated by Acropora palmata rubble) record evidence of deposition under contrasting non-catastrophic - (fair-weather?) and storm-induced conditions. Depositional styles are interpreted on the basis of coral rubble fabrics and calcareous encruster successions. Terrace exposures on the west of the island comprise uniform (3-4 m thick) depositional sequences. Individual coral samples exhibit similarities in encruster community composition and thickness, and a transition from photophilic to sciaphilic encrusting forms. These are indicative of colonization during gradual burial in an accumulating rubble pile. By contrast, NE coast sites comprise repetitive sequences of discrete (0.4-1 m thick) depositional units. Rubble colonization within each unit is characterized by a vertical succession from thin (1-2 mm), sciaphilic encruster-dominated sequences at the base, to progressively thicker (up to 20 mm), photophilic encruster-dominated sequences at the top. These are interpreted as multiple storm deposits, with upper surfaces colonized by opportunist coral species (primarily Agaricia agaricites). In contrast to many modern hurricane-impacted reef systems, however, there is no evidence of long-term shifts in coral community composition following physical disturbance. Colony sizes of opportunist corals at the tops of storm units are consistent with growth over timescales of <10 years. These are overlain on each occasion by a new A. palmata rubble pile, indicating successful recovery over successive physical disturbance cycles.