高产小麦品种茎秆的解剖和化学特性

小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)新品种"小偃81",是由抗病虫害小麦品种"小偃54"和高产小麦品种"8602"杂交筛选出的具有优良特性的后代.作者运用多种实验手段,研究了新品种茎秆组织结构以及木质素含量和分布的变化规律.结果表明:与母本"小偃54"和父本"8602"相比,"小偃81"的茎秆直径变小、横切面上维管束数目减少,而茎秆直径与壁厚比、横切面上机械组织比例却显著增大,单位面积上维管束数目增多.Klason法测定木质素结果显示:"小偃81"茎秆中木质素含量高于"小偃54"和"8602".经Maule和Wiesner的木质素显色反应,"小偃81"茎秆横切面染色明显加深.用H2O2/Hac弃除酚酸以后,新品种小麦的木质素自发荧光明显强于亲本.FTIR分析结果表明:"小偃8l"中所含的紫丁香基、愈创木酚基等木质素特征基团的吸收峰值也显著高于亲本.由此推断,新品种"小偃8l"的茎秆具有优良的组织结构和化学组成.

Anatomical and Chemical Features of High-Yield Wheat Cultivar with Reference to Its Parents

Anatomical studies of the culm of Triticum aestivum L. cv. Xiaoyan 81, a comparatively lodging resistant cultivar, from its maternal parent Xiaoyan 54 and paternal parent 8602, was carried out by means of various microscopic techniques coupled with chemical analysis. It was found that the culm of Xiaoyan 81 possessed shorter diameter, thicker width, higher thickness-diameter ratio and higher percentage of mechanical tissue, comparing with its parents. Furthermore, the lignin content was determined by Klason’s method and semi-quantitatively analyzed with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), histochemical staining, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the results revealed a much higher lignin content in the culm of Xiaoyan 81 than that in the Xiaoyan 54 and 8602. All of these findings provided anatomical and chemical evidence for a better quality in biomechanics of culm in cv. Xiaoyan 81 than that in its parents.