Synthesis and evaluation of functionalized isoindigos as antiproliferative agents |
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Authors: | Xi Kai Wee Wee Kiang Yeo Bing Zhang Vincent BC Tan Kian Meng Lim Tong Earn Tay Mei-Lin Go |
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Institution: | aDepartment of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore;bNanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117581, Singapore |
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Abstract: | A series of functionalized isoindigos structurally related to meisoindigo (1-methylisoindigo), a therapeutic agent used for the treatment of a form of leukemia, were synthesized and evaluated for antiproliferative activities on a panel of human cancer cells. Two promising compounds (1-phenpropylisoindigo and 1-(p-methoxy-phenethyl)-isoindigo) that were more potent than meisoindigo and comparable to 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime on leukemic K562 and liver HuH7 cells were identified. Structure–activity relationships showed the importance of keeping one of the lactam NH in an unsubstituted state. Substitution of the other lactam NH with aryl or arylalkyl side chains retained or improved activity in most instances. An intact exocyclic double bond was also essential, possibly to maintain planarity and rigidity of the isoindigo scaffold. None of the compounds were found to inhibit CDK2 in an in vitro assay, in spite of reports linking the antiproliferative activities of meisoindigo and other isoindigos to CDK2 inhibition. Hence, these functionalized isoindigos disrupted cell growth and proliferation by other mechanistic pathways that did not involve CDK2 inhibition. |
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Keywords: | Isoindigo Antiproliferative activity CDK2 inhibition SAR Molecular modeling |
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