阴道微生物与多囊卵巢综合征相关性的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）是育龄期女性最常见的内分泌失调性疾病，具有高度的异质性和复杂性，是女性不孕的常见因素之一，且PCOS会显著增加2型糖尿病、肥胖、心血管疾病、高血压和心理疾病的风险，严重危害患者健康。阴道微生物群是每个女性特有的，正常的阴道微生物群在维持女性生殖健康方面起着至关重要的作用，而异常的阴道微生物定植与不良生殖结局密切相关。结合PCOS患者不孕症、高流产率、高早产率和胚胎停育等不良妊娠事件的发生，阴道乃至整个生殖道的不良微生物群可能通过免疫和炎症反应等途径影响着PCOS的发生发展，但其机制仍不清楚。因此，本文综述了阴道微生物群和PCOS患者相关性的研究概况，包括PCOS患者阴道微生物群的组成、阴道微生物群与PCOS的发生机制以及PCOS患者阴道微生物对生殖结局的影响，以期为PCOS的诊疗提供新思路。

Relationship between vaginal microorganisms and polycystic ovary syndrome: research progress

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder disease in women of childbearing age, with high heterogeneity and complexity. It is one of the common factors of female infertility, and will significantly increase the risk of type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and psychological diseases, seriously endangering the health of patients. Vaginal microorganisms are unique to every woman. Normal vaginal microorganisms play a vital role in maintaining women's reproductive health, and abnormal vaginal microorganism colonization is closely related to adverse reproductive outcomes. Combined with the occurrence of adverse pregnancy events such as infertility, high abortion rate, premature delivery rate and fetal arrest in PCOS patients, the adverse microorganisms of vagina and even the whole reproductive tract may, through immune, inflammatory reaction and other pathways, affect the occurrence and development of PCOS. But the mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, this paper reviews the research on the correlation between vaginal microorganisms and PCOS, including the composition of vaginal microorganisms in PCOS patients, vaginal microorganisms and the mechanism of PCOS, and the impact of vaginal microorganisms in PCOS patients on their reproductive outcomes, in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of PCOS.