Volkamer Lemon Tetraploid Rootstock Transmits the Salt Tolerance When Grafted with Diploid Kinnow Mandarin by Strong Antioxidant Defense Mechanism and Efficient Osmotic Adjustment |
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Authors: | Khalid Muhammad Fasih Morillon Raphael Anjum Muhammad Akbar Ejaz Shaghef Rao Muhammad Junaid Ahmad Shakeel Hussain Sajjad |
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Affiliation: | 1.Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan ;2.CIRAD, UMR AGAP Institut, Equipe SEAPAG, 97170, Petit-Bourg, Guadeloupe, France ;3.UMR AGAP Institut, Univ. Montpellier, CIRAD, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, F-34398, France ;4.State Key Laboratory for Conversation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People’s Republic of China ;5.Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops, Ministry of Agriculture), Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology (Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei,, People’s Republic of China ;6.Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan ; |
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Abstract: | Salinity restricts plant growth and production by specific ions toxicity to particular plants. Cl ion is exceptionally toxic to citrus. Citrus rootstock and scion has a significant effect on each other under unfavourable conditions. Nevertheless, their specific response can be different depending on the way to translocate and compartment the toxic ions, or to induce antioxidant systems. In this paper, we studied the behaviour of diploid (2x) and tetraploid (4x) Volkamer lemon rootstocks grafted with commercial cultivar Kinnow mandarin (KM/VM2x and KM/VM4x, respectively) when exposed to moderate (75 mM) and high salt stress (150 mM). Both genotypes showed a decrease in their photosynthetic variables (Pn, gs, E, Fv/Fm, Fv′/Fm′, NPQ), and the decline was more significant in KM/VM2x plants as compared to KM/VM4x. The highest increase in the concentration of stress indicators (MDA and H2O2) was observed in leaves and roots of KM/VM2x at 75 and 150 mM of salt stress. The KM/VM4× showed the maximum increase in antioxidative enzymes (SOD, CAT, POD, APx, GR) and osmolytes (PRO, GB) in leaves and roots at 75 and 150 mM. Minerals (Cl ion, Na, K, P, N, Ca) accumulation was also significantly affected in leaves and roots of KM/VM2x and KM/VM4x under moderate and high NaCl stress. Overall, our results showed that Cl ion accumulation presents a robust correlation with stress indicators and their scavenging enzymes in leaves and roots. Moreover, 2x scion significantly mitigated by the 4x rootstock and showed more tolerance as compared to grafted on 2x rootstock. |
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