The molecular biology of androgenic 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases |
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Authors: | Stefan Andersson Wayne M Geissler Sushma Patel and Ling Wu |
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Institution: | Department of Biochemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ 07065, U.S.A. |
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Abstract: | The enzyme 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17β-HSD) catalyzes the 17β-oxidation/reduction of C18- and C19-steroids in a variety of tissues. Three human genes encoding isozymes of 17β-HSD, designated 17β-HSD types 1, 2 and 3 have been cloned. 17β-HSD type 1 (also referred to as estradiol 17β-dehydrogenase) catalyzes the conversion of estrone to estradiol, primarily in the ovary and placenta. The 17β-HSD type 2 is expressed to high levels in the liver, secretory endometrium and placenta. The type 2 isozyme catalyzes the oxidation of androgens and estrogens equally efficiently. Also, the enzyme possesses 20-HSD activity demonstrated by its ability to convert 20-dihydro-progesterone to progesterone. Testicular 17β-HSD type 3 catalyzes the conversion of androstenedione to testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone to 5-androstenediol and estrone to estradiol. The 17β-HSD3 gene is mutated in male pseudohermaphrodites with the genetic disease 17β-HSD deficiency. |
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