我国珍稀濒危植物保护红线的划定

本文依据《国家生态保护红线——生态功能基线划定技术指南(试行)》原则和植物保护的具体情况, 探讨了我国珍稀濒危植物保护红线划定的原则与方法。研究选取《国家重点保护野生植物名录》中收录的所有物种作为研究对象。将其定义为红线保护植物, 其中的I级保护植物定义为红线关键植物, 并基于文献资料及标本记录等数据建立了我国植物的属性数据库和地理分布数据库。在GIS支持下, 以建立的数据库为基础研究了我国红线保护植物的地理分布特征; 基于保护生物学理论, 结合我国自然保护区的就地保护现状进行了分析和评价; 以热点地区和GAP分析为理论基础, 在其分布地中识别具有代表性的热点区域以及不同属性植物分布的重点区域, 进而结合土地利用和人类干扰因素, 划定我国珍稀濒危植物生境整体保护的红线。通过在全国尺度上的分析, 得出我国珍稀濒危植物的整体保护红线面积为71.63万km², 占陆域国土面积的7.45%。植物生境保护红线划定的原则、方法和划定方案的研究对于更准确地划定生态安全预警红线具有重要意义, 同时可以为我国国土生态安全格局的构建提供依据。

Delimiting protection redline of rare and endangered plants in China

According to the items of “Technical Guide of Delimiting National Ecological Protection Redline—Ecological Function Baselines” and the status of plant protection, we discussed principles and methods of delimiting protection redline of rare and endangered plants in China. We selected rare and endangered plants according to the List of Wild Plants under State Protection as protected plants to delimit protection redline, among which first level protected plants were defined as redline key plants. Based on various data sources within the literature and specimen records, we established the attribution database and geographical distribution database of rare and endangered plants in China. On the platform of GIS, the distribution of redline protected plants was studied on the basis of high precision database. Based on the theory of conservation biology, we analyzed and evaluated the in situ protection status of redline protected plants in reserves. Further, on the basis of hotspots and GAP analysis, we identified the typical hotspots and important buffers of plant distribution within the scope of distribution. Combining land use and human interference factors, we finally delimited the overall protection redline of rare and endangered plants in China. By the detailed analysis at national scale, redline of the rare and endangered plants was determined to be 7.163 × 10⁵ km², which accounts for 7.45% of China’s land area. The principles, methods and scheme of delimiting plant protection redline are of great significance in accurately defining the redline of ecological security, and will provide a basis for ecological security in China.