T-cell regulation by CD28 and CTLA-4 |
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Authors: | Alegre M L Frauwirth K A Thompson C B |
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Affiliation: | Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology and Committee in Immunology, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. malegre@midway.uchicago.edu |
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Abstract: | Activation of T lymphocytes is thought to require at least two signals, one delivered by the T-cell receptor complex after antigen recognition, and one provided on engagement of co-stimulatory receptors, such as CD28. Recent studies are providing clues as to the specific signalling roles of co-stimulatory receptors. Furthermore, superimposition of inhibitory signals, such as those delivered by cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4), leads to a complex network of positive and negative co-stimulatory signals, the integration of which modulates immune responses. |
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