The Many Facets of the Small Non-coding RNA RsaE (RoxS) in Metabolic Niche Adaptation of Gram-Positive Bacteria |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biosystems Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;2. School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China;3. Center for Bioenergy and Bioproducts, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;1. Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IBMC, Strasbourg, France;2. Genomic Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University Hospitals, University of Geneva, Genève, Switzerland;3. Austin Centre for Infection Research (ACIR), Infectious Diseases Department, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia;4. Microbiology Department, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia;5. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia;6. Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;1. Department of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Southeast University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China;2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Agricultural University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing, China |
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| Abstract: | Small regulatory RNAs (sRNAs) are increasingly recognized as players in the complex regulatory networks governing bacterial gene expression. RsaE (synonym RoxS) is an sRNA that is highly conserved in bacteria of the Bacillales order. Recent analyses in Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis identified RsaE/RoxS as a potent riboregulator of central carbon metabolism and energy balance with many molecular RsaE/RoxS functions and targets being shared across species. Similarities and species-specific differences in cellular processes modulated by RsaE/RoxS suggest that this sRNA plays a prominent role in the adaptation of Gram‐positive bacteria to niches with varying nutrient availabilities and environmental cues. This review summarizes recent findings on the molecular function of RsaE/RoxS and its interaction with mRNA targets. Special emphasis will be on the integration of RsaE/RoxS into metabolic regulatory circuits and, derived from this, the role of RsaE/RoxS as a putative driver to generate phenotypic heterogeneity in bacterial populations. In this respect, we will particularly discuss heterogeneous RsaE expression in S. epidermidis biofilms and its possible contribution to metabolic niche diversification, programmed bacterial lysis and biofilm matrix production. |
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