Teaching an Old Virus New Tricks: A Review on New Approaches to Study Age-Old Questions in Influenza Biology |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA;2. Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA;3. Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA;1. Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, Department of Molecular Genetics, and the Terrence Donnelly Center for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada;2. Integrated Biotherapeutics, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA;3. Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO 63130, USA;4. Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA;1. Louis V. Gerstner Jr. Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA;2. Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA;3. Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Hospital, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA;1. Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;2. National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA |
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| Abstract: | Influenza viruses have been studied for over 80 years, yet much about the basic viral lifecycle remain unknown. However, new imaging, biochemical, and sequencing techniques have revealed significant insight into many age-old questions of influenza virus biology. In this review, we will cover the role of imaging techniques to describe unique aspects of influenza virus assembly, biochemical techniques to study viral genomic organization, and next-generation sequencing to explore influenza genomic evolution. Our goal is to provide a brief overview of how emerging techniques are being used to answer basic questions about influenza viruses. This is not a comprehensive list of emerging techniques, rather ones that we feel will continue to make significant contributions to field of influenza biology. |
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