Acyltransferases and transacylases that determine the fatty acid composition of glycerolipids and the metabolism of bioactive lipid mediators in mammalian cells and model organisms |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Cell Biology, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York;2. Molecular and Cellular Cardiology Program, VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, New York;3. School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, China;4. Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center, Foshan, China;5. Lilly Research Laboratories, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana;1. Food and Biodynamic Chemistry Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan;2. Department of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan;3. Department of Food Science, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro 080-8555, Japan;4. Food Biotechnology Innovation Project, New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-0845, Japan;5. Food and Health Science Research Unit, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 981-8555, Japan;1. Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, CB2 0XY Cambridge, United Kingdom;2. University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Over one hundred different phospholipid molecular species are known to be present in mammalian cells and tissues. Fatty acid remodeling systems for phospholipids including acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferases, CoA-dependent and CoA-independent transacylation systems, are involved in the biosynthesis of these molecular species. Acyl-CoA:lysophospholipid acyltransferase system is involved in the synthesis of phospholipid molecular species containing sn-1 saturated and sn-2 unsaturated fatty acids. The CoA-dependent transacylation system catalyzes the transfer of fatty acids esterified in phospholipids to lysophospholipids in the presence of CoA without the generation of free fatty acids. The CoA-dependent transacylation reaction in the rat liver exhibits strict fatty acid specificity, i.e., three types of fatty acids (20:4, 18:2 and 18:0) are transferred. On the other hand, CoA-independent transacylase catalyzes the transfer of C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids from diacyl phospholipids to various lysophospholipids, especially ether-containing lysophospholipids, in the absence of any cofactors. CoA-independent transacylase is assumed to be involved in the accumulation of PUFA in ether-containing phospholipids. These enzymes are involved in not only the remodeling of fatty acids, but also the synthesis and degradation of some bioactive lipids and their precursors. In this review, recent progresses in acyltransferase research including the identification of the enzyme’s genes are described. |
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| Keywords: | Acyl-CoA Acyltransferase Arachidonic acid Fatty acid remodeling Lysophospholipid |
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