Characterization of the tunicamycin gene cluster unveiling unique steps involved in its biosynthesis |
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Authors: | Wenqing Chen Dongjing Qu Lipeng Zhai Meifeng Tao Yemin Wang Shuangjun Lin Neil P. J. Price Zixin Deng |
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Affiliation: | 1. Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, and School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; 2. ?National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research (NCAUR), USDA-ARS, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, Illinois 61604, USA; 3. College of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China |
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Abstract: | Tunicamycin, a potent reversible translocase I inhibitor, is produced by several Actinomycetes species. The tunicamycin structure is highly unusual, and contains an 11-carbon dialdose sugar and an α, β-1″,11′-glycosidic linkage. Here we report the identification of a gene cluster essential for tunicamycin biosynthesis by high-throughput heterologous expression (HHE) strategy combined with a bioassay. Introduction of the genes into heterologous non-producing Streptomyces hosts results in production of tunicamycin by these strains, demonstrating the role of the genes for the biosynthesis of tunicamycins. Gene disruption experiments coupled with bioinformatic analysis revealed that the tunicamycin gene cluster is minimally composed of 12 genes (tunA– tunL). Amongst these is a putative radical SAM enzyme (Tun B) with a potentially unique role in biosynthetic carbon-carbon bond formation. Hence, a seven-step novel pathway is proposed for tunicamycin biosynthesis. Moreover, two gene clusters for the potential biosynthesis of tunicamycin-like antibiotics were also identified in Streptomyces clavuligerus ATCC 27064 and Actinosynnema mirums DSM 43827. These data provide clarification of the novel mechanisms for tunicamycin biosynthesis, and for the generation of new-designer tunicamycin analogs with selective/enhanced bioactivity via combinatorial biosynthesis strategies. |
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Keywords: | tunicamycin biosynthetic gene cluster high-throughput heterologous expression bioassay combinatorial biosynthesis |
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