冰核细菌及冰核基因的应用研究进展

引起水由液态变为固态的物质称为冰核或成核剂。冰核种类繁多,目前已发现4属23种或变种的细菌、4属11种或变种的真菌和1种病毒,它们都具成冰活性。细菌冰核是一类蛋白质,也称冰蛋白,由细菌冰核基因编码。作为生物冰核领域的研究重点,冰核细菌的研究已涉及到促冻杀虫、防霜冻、植物病害等多个领域;同时冰核细菌已成功地应用于人工降雪、制冷和高敏检测等方面,具有广阔的应用前景。主要对冰核细菌的应用研究现状和发展进行综述。

Progress on the Applied Studies of Ice Nucleation-activation Bacteria and Its Gene

The materials which can make the state of water change from liquid to solid are called ice nuclear or nucleation agents. Ice nucleation has a great variety, including bacteria(four genus and twenty-three species and variations), fungi(four genus and eleven species and variations) and one genus of virus. They all have the activity of making the water become ice. Bacterial ice nucleation which is one kind of protein, also called ice protein, is coded by bacterial ice nucleation genes. As a keystone of research topics in the biological ice nucleation field, the studies on ice nucleation active bacteria are referring to killing insect pests by increasing cold, anti-frosting and plant disease, ect. And ice nucleation active bacteria has been applied to such fields as artificial snowing, freezing , high sensitive checking , which has extensive prospect of application. This article reviews the studies on the application and development about ice nucleation active bacteria.