Molecular approaches for AM fungal community ecology: A primer

Molecular techniques are no longer optional for ecologists interested in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) communities. Understanding the role of these soil fungi in natural systems requires knowledge of their abundance and identity but this is impossible to achieve without a molecular approach. Adapting molecular tools to AM fungi can be challenging because of the unique biology of the fungi. Moreover, many recruits in the field of mycorrhizal ecology have little or no experience with molecular biology. Here, we outline a conceptual framework for designing robust ecological experiments with AM fungi using molecular approaches.