Synergistic transmembrane insertion of the heterodimeric PGLa/magainin 2 complex studied by solid-state NMR |
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| Authors: | Erik Strandberg Pierre Tremouilhac Parvesh Wadhwani Anne S. Ulrich |
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| Affiliation: | a Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Biological Interfaces, Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O.B. 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
b Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Karlsruhe, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The skin secretions of amphibians are a rich source of antimicrobial peptides. The two antimicrobial peptides PGLa and magainin 2, isolated from the African frog Xenopus laevis, have been shown to act synergistically by permeabilizing the membranes of microorganisms. In this report, the literature on PGLa is extensively reviewed, with special focus on its synergistically enhanced activity in the presence of magainin 2. Our recent solid state 2H NMR studies of the orientation of PGLa in lipid membranes alone and in the presence of magainin 2 are described in detail, and some new data from 3,3,3-2H3-L-alanine labeled PGLa are included in the analysis. |
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| Keywords: | Ala-d3, 3,3,3-2H3-L-alanine AMP, antimicrobial peptide CD, circular dichroism CF3-Bpg, 4-CF3-bicyclopentylglycine CF3-Phg, 4-CF3-phenylglycine DMPC, dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine DMPG, dimyristoylphosphatidylglycerol DPC, dodecylphosphocholine MAG1, magainin 1 MAG2, magainin 2 MIC, minimal inhibitory concentration MLV, multilamellar vesicles MSI-103, peptide (KIAGKIA)3-NH2 OCD, oriented circular dichroism P/L, peptide-to-lipid molar ratio PC, phosphatidylcholine PG, phosphatidylglycerol PGLa, peptide GMASKAGAIAGKIAKVALKAL-NH2 PISEMA, polarization inversion spin exchange at the magic angle POPC, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine POPE, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylethanolamine POPG, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol ρ, azimuthal rotation angle rmsd, root mean square deviation Smol, molecular order parameter SSNMR, solid-state NMR τ, tilt angle TFE, trifluoroethanol |
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