Harvested locations influence the total phenolic content,antioxidant levels,cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities of stingless bee honey |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;3. Laboratory of UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;1. Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Unidad de Investigación en Biotecnología y Medio Ambiente (BIOMA), Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador;2. Dipartimento di Science Cliniche Specialistiche ed Odontostomatologiche (DISCO), Sez. Biochimica, Facoltà di Medicina, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy;3. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy;4. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy;5. Facultad de Farmacia, Unidad de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain;6. Centre for Nutrition & Health, Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Santander, Spain;7. Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy;1. Cell Signaling and Biotechnology Research Group (CeSBTech), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia;2. Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia;3. Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Bandar Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia;4. Food Science and Technology Research Centre, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia;5. Shimadzu Malaysia Sdn Bhd, No. 6 Lorong Teknologi 3/4 A, Nouvelle Industrial Park 2, Taman Sains Selangor 1, Kota Damansara, 47810, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia;6. Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia;7. Biological Security and Sustainability Research Group (BIOSES), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia;1. Centre for Occupational and Environmental Health, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia;1. School of Graduate Studies, SPS, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;2. Laser Centre, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;4. Department of Physics, AMORG, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia;1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;3. Ear, Nose & Throat Consultant Clinic, Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital, Ampang, Selangor, 68000, Malaysia |
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| Abstract: | Kelulut honey (KH) is a natural product-derived food produced by stingless bees of Trigona or Meliponine species. Several studies have shown that the geographical origin of honey significantly affects its pharmacological properties. Thus, this study aims to characterise the pharmacological properties of KH harvested from different geographical locations. The total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant levels, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities of pure KH harvested from three different locations (Sarawak, Pahang and Selangor) were compared. Among the samples, KH harvested from Selangor exhibited the highest TPC, antioxidant levels, and cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, followed by KH harvested from Sarawak and Pahang. The IC50 of MCF-7 cells treated with KH harvested from Selangor was at least 2-fold lower than the IC50 of MDA-MB-231 cells, suggesting that KH is more cytotoxic to oestrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PR)-positive (MCF-7) compared to triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells. Two non-cytotoxic concentrations (1% and 0.5%; v/v) were selected for the anti-inflammatory assay using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. KH harvested from Selangor and Pahang (at a concentration of 1%; v/v) significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells compared to control cells. These findings provide evidence that the geographical origin of KH may indeed influence its pharmacological properties. Our data suggest that KH harvested from Selangor has a better quality compared to KH harvested from Pahang and Sarawak based on its high TPC, antioxidant levels and anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, it exhibits in vitro anticancer potential in breast cancer cell lines. |
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| Keywords: | Kelulut honey Total phenolic content Antioxidant levels Cytotoxic activities Anti-inflammatory activities Harvested locations |
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