Effects of temperature on baseline susceptibility and stability of insecticide resistance against Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) in the absence of selection pressure |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy Agricultural Sciences, No. 7 Jinying Rd., Tianhe District 510640, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China;2. Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China;3. Department of Entomology, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan;4. Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Niğde University, Turkey;5. Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, Haidian 100193, China;6. Department of Agronomy, MNS-University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan;7. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan;8. Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan;9. Department of Entomology, University of Haripur, Pakistan;10. Department of Zoology, University of Education, Faisalabad, Pakistan;11. College of Geography, Fujian Normal University, 350007, China;12. College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, 350002, China;13. Government of Punjab, Agriculture Department, Lahore, Pakistan;14. Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;15. Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;p. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) is an important pest causing significant losses to vegetables worldwide. Insecticides resistance in P. xylostella is a serious issue for scientists since last 30 years. However, deltamethrin and Bt Cry1Ac are commonly used insecticides against P. xylostella but studies involving development of resistance in P. xylostella against these two insecticides at different temperatures are lacking. The current study was aimed to find out the toxicity of deltamethrin and Bt Cry1Ac, and resistance development in P. xylostella. Results showed that the positive correlation between the temperature and toxicities of deltamethrin and Bt Cry1Ac. The results indicated −0.051, −0.049, −0.047, and −0.046 folds of deltamethrin resistance at 15 °C, 20 °C, 25 °C, and 30 °C temperatures, respectively from 1st to 12th generations. The toxicity of Bt Cry1Ac after 24 h was 2.2 and 4.8 folds on 1st generation at 20 °C and 25 °C temperatures, respectively compared to the toxicity recorded at 15 °C (non-overlapping of 95% confidence limits). Based on the results of this study, it is concluded that the temperature has a positive correlation with the toxicity of deltamethrin and Bt Cry1Ac against the larvae of P. xylostella. This study suggests that deltamethrin and Bt Cry1Ac can be included in the management program of P. xylostella on many vegetable crops. The baseline susceptibility data might be helpful to understand the resistance mechanisms in P. xylostella. |
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| Keywords: | Deltamethrin Diamondback moth Temperature coefficient |
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