Impact of temperature and relative humidity on effectiveness of Metarhizium guizhouense PSUM02 against longkong bark eating caterpillar Cossus chloratus Swinhoe under laboratory and field conditions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Pest Management Biotechnology and Plant Physiology Laboratory, Faculty of Natural Resources, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;2. Department of Entomology, Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture (Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour) Dumraon-802136, Buxar, Bihar, India;3. College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;1. Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (BK21+ Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;2. Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Singha Durbar Plaza, Kathmandu, Nepal;3. College of Agriculture and Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea;4. Forest Insect Pests and Disease Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02512, Republic of Korea;5. Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang 50424, Republic of Korea;6. USDA-ARS, US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo 96720, HI, United States;7. School of Veterinary and Life Science, Murdoch University, 90 South St. WA 6150, Australia;8. College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Waters Hall 054, Manhattan KS66502, United States;1. USDA-ARS, US Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI 967820, USA;3. Horticultural and Herbal Crop Environment Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;4. Forest Insect Pests and Disease Division, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | The longkong bark eating caterpillar, Cossus chloratus Swinhoe (Cossidae: Lepidoptera), is a serious pest of longkong trees Lansium domesticum Corrêa that affects quality and quantity of the fruit. For eco-friendly management of this pest, Metarhizium guizhouense PSUM02, an entomopathogenic fungus, was tested under laboratory and field conditions of Thailand. Relative humidity (RH) more than 93% provides the highest virulence to M. guizhouense PSUM02 by reducing the survival of C. chloratus larvae to 0.0–18.0%. The average survival time (AST) of C. chloratus larvae infected with M. guizhouense PSUM02 at 100% RH showed the lowest AST of 3.9 ± 0.2 days. The optimum temperature for M. guizhouense PSUM02 to infect C. chloratus larvae was 25–30 °C with 2–20% survival after 10 days of treatment. The AST of C. chloratus larvae infected with M. guizhouense PSUM02 at 25 °C or 30 °C was 5.8 ± 0.6 or 3.4 ± 0.2 days, respectively, which was significantly lower than the AST observed at 20 °C and 35 °C temperatures. M. guizhouense PSUM02 showed effectiveness under field conditions by reducing the number of larvae of longkong bark eating caterpillar C. chloratus in treated longkong tree. The application of M. guizhouense PSUM02 could be an effective option for the eco-friendly management of longkong bark eating caterpillars in the longkong orchards of Thailand and other longkong producing countries. |
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| Keywords: | Longkong bark eating caterpillar |
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