Genetic diversity of Bemisia tabaci cryptic species in Nigeria and their relationships with endosymbionts and acquired begomoviruses |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria;3. Department of Entomology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh;4. Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea;1. Graduate School of Education, University of the Ryukyus, Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan;2. Global Education Institute, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan;3. Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan;1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Wild Animal Conservation and Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China;2. Nanning Institute of Termite Control, Nanning, China;1. The Botanical Gardens, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 112–0001, Japan;2. Department of Applied Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt;3. Department of Entomology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan;4. Laboratory of Systems Ecology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga 840–8502, Japan;1. College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;2. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Defence Road, Lahore, Pakistan;3. Institute of Plant Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;4. Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran;2. Environment and Biotechnology Research Division, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry, Tehran, Iran;1. Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Department of Applied Biology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Smart Agriculture Systems, College of Agriculture and Life Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea |
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| Abstract: | Bemisia tabaci is a species complex of at least 44 cryptic species with a worldwide distribution. It is a serious pest of many crop plants as well as a successful vector of at least 100 begomoviruses. Using B. tabaci collected from cassava and tomato fields in the southwestern and north central regions of Nigeria, we determined nucleotide sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) of 23 B. tabaci samples, the 16S and 23S ribosomal DNA of endosymbionts, and the coat protein gene of geminiviruses ingested by the whiteflies. The COI analysis identified three different genetic groups including the indigenous Sub-Saharan Africa 1 subgroup 1 (SSA1-SG1) and 5 (SSA1-SG5, which was most prevalent), and an invasive cryptic species (Mediterranean). SSA1 was infected by five known secondary endosymbionts, Arsenophonus, Cardinium, Hamiltonella, Rickettsia, and Wolbachia, and co-infections with two or three endosymbionts were common. Five begomoviruses, okra enation leaf curl virus, squash leaf curl China virus, tobacco curly shoot virus, tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus, and tomato yellow leaf curl virus, were detected from 43.5% of the B. tabaci samples. However, cassava mosaic disease that causes devastating cassava yield losses was not detected in this study. This study improves the current understanding of the genetic diversity of B. tabaci cryptic species, and it reveals their relationships with endosymbionts and geminiviruses in the cassava and tomato fields of Nigeria. |
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| Keywords: | Begomovirus Cryptic species Endosymbiotic bacteria Genetic diversity Vector |
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