Bioindicator potential of Spathosternum prasiniferum prasiniferum (Orthoptera; Acridoidea) in pesticide (azadirachtin)-induced radical toxicity in gonadal/nymphal tissues; correlation with eco-sustainability |
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| Institution: | 1. Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India;2. Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India;1. Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;2. College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China;3. Forest Station of Shanghai, Shanghai, China;1. College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;2. Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;3. Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety (Yangzhou University), Jiangsu, Yangzhou 225009, China;4. State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Pest and Disease Control, Institute for Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 320021, China;1. Ojeong Eco-Resilience Institute, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;3. Institute of Environment and Ecology, OJERI, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O.Box 14115-336, Tehran, Iran;2. Plant Protection Research Department, Hormozgan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bandar Abbas, Iran;3. Department of Agricultural Entomology Research, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Acridids are highly abundant living-organism/major-component in agricultural field, globally. It may act as a dependable bio-indicator species in response to environmental-stress. Antioxidants protect insects by scavenging free radicals. Here, we investigated the dose dependant azadirachtin (C35H44O16 AZT) toxicity on oxidative-biomarker; Alkaline-phosphatase (ALP), malondialdehyde (MDA), non-protein-soluble-thiol (NPSH) and antioxidants like superoxide-dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-peroxidase (GPx) and amylase of gonads from both sexes and juvenile tissues of common grasshopper, Spathosternum prasiniferum prasiniferum (Walker, 1871). The newly hatched adults (female: male = 1:1) are exposed to 1 to 20 ppm AZT for 48 h and have compared to control and 6 h incubation with same concentration of azadirachtin for in vitro experiments. Both in vivo and in vitro experiment demonstrated significant influences on oxidative biomarkers with increasing antioxidant enzymatic activities in either sex. The male gonads represents decreasing antioxidant enzyme activities compared to female gonads. Lesser protection by CAT and SOD are noticed in male than female in response to AZT exposure. This experiment suggests that azadirachtin increased the major biomarkers with decreasing antioxidant enzyme activities resulting in more free-radicals related threat in adult male gonads. Variable dose responses were noticed on ALP, AchE and MDA in either gender suggesting multiphasic action of the pesticides. Higher mortality rate is noticed in male with lower nymphal life span. Moreover, nymph IInd is more susceptible than nymph IVth in vitro intoxication of azadirachtin. Possible life threat of vast representatives of agricultural ecosystem by pesticide should be avoided to maintain different bio-geo cycle and eco-sustainability. |
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| Keywords: | Azdirachtin Gonads Juvenile tissue Oxidative biomarkers Reactive oxygen species Antioxidant enzymes |
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