Peripheral blood T cells response in human parainfluenza virus-associated lower respiratory tract infection in children |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;2. Department of Biological Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad Pakistan;3. Department of Zoology Kohat University of Science & Technology, Kohat, Pakistan;4. Department of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;5. Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University, Islamabad, Pakistan;6. Department of Zoology, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan;7. Department of Zoology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan;8. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Tabuk University, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia |
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Abstract: | Human Parainfluenza virus (HPIV) causes lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) mostly in young children. Respiratory viral infections may decline T cells in circulation and display enhanced pathogenicity. This study is aimed to analyze T cells alterations due to HPIV in children with LRTIs. Children (N = 152) with bronchitis or pneumonia, admitted in tertiary care hospitals were included in the study. Respiratory samples (throat or nasopharyngeal swabs) were taken and HPIV genotypes (1–4) were analyzed through RT-PCR. Peripheral blood T cells, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD19+, were analyzed in confirmed HPIV positive and healthy control group children through flow cytometry. The positivity rate of HPIV was 24.34% and the most prevalent genotype was HPIV-3 (20.40%). HPIV-1 and HPIV-2 were detected in 0.66% and 02% children respectively. The T lymphocyte counts were observed significantly reduced in children infected with HPIV-3. CD4+ cell (1580 ± 97.87) counts did not change significantly but the lowest CD8+ T cell counts (518.5 ± 74.00) were recorded. Similarly, CD3+ and CD19 cell ratios were also reduced. The CD4/CD8 ratio was significantly higher (3.12 ± 0.59) in the study population as compared to the control group (2.18 ± 0.654). Changes in the count of CD8+ T cells were more pronounced in patients with bronchiolitis and pneumonia. It is concluded that CD8+ T cells show a reduced response to HPIV-3 in children with severe LRTIs suggesting a strong association of these cells with disease severity. |
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Keywords: | Parainfluenza virus T cells Pneumonia Bronchiolitis Children |
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