Insect cytokine growth-blocking peptide may regulate density-dependent phase trait of cuticular melanization in the larval armyworm,Mythimna separata |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioelectromagnetics, Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. College of Life Science, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen 041000, China;4. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;1. State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Protection and Microbiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China;2. College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China;3. Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh;4. Fareed Biodiversity Conservation Center, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Khawaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan;1. Entomology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, 35 Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata 700 019, India;2. Cell and Molecular Therapeutics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore 721102, West Bengal, India;1. Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, 4102 LSB, Provo, UT 84602, USA;2. The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, PO Box 92169, Mt Albert, Auckland, New Zealand;3. Monte L. Bean Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA;1. School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/ State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, China;2. Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550005, China |
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| Abstract: | Growth-blocking peptide (GBP) is a 25 amino acid insect cytokine found in lepidopteran insects that has diverse biological activities such as larval growth regulation, paralysis induction, cell proliferation and stimulation of immune cells. Density-dependent phase polyphenism is a phenomenon of phenotypic plasticity in which the expression of a variety of traits can be affected by local population density. In the present study, the armyworm Mythimna separata larvae with four rearing densities (1 larva/vial, 2 larvae/vial, 4 larvae/vial and 6 larvae/vial) were tested for cuticular melanization and body weight throughout the third-fifth instar, and the functional role of GBP in regulating the changes was investigated. The results indicated that when reared at high densities, the larvae exhibited less body weight and more degree of cuticular melanization than larvae reared at low densities. The gene expression of GBP in armyworm larvae showed an initial rise and then decline trend with increased rearing densities in the third to fifth instar. Compared with control, more degree of cuticular melanization was observed in GBP-injected larvae (500 ng/larva in volume 50 μL) than that in Ringer’s solution-injected counterparts. Furthermore, the gene expression level of dopa decarboxylase and prophenoloxidase increased significantly in GBP-injected fifth instar larvae from 6 h to 12 h after injection, suggesting the role of GBP in modulating density-dependent phase trait of armyworm cuticular melanization. |
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| Keywords: | Growth blocking peptide Density-dependent Cuticular melanization Dopa decarboxylase |
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