基于工业环境扰动的微生物适应性进化

合成生物学技术的快速发展极大提升了微生物细胞工厂的构建能力，为化学品的绿色高效生产提供了重要策略。然而，微生物细胞难以耐受高强度工业环境、抗逆性差，成为了限制其生产性能的关键因素。适应性进化是一种人为施加定向选择压力，使微生物经过长期或短期驯化，获得适应特定环境的表型或生理性能的重要方法。近年来，随着微流控、生物传感器、组学分析等技术的发展，适应性进化为提升微生物细胞在工业环境下的生产性能奠定了基础。本文论述了适应性进化的关键技术及在提高微生物细胞工厂环境耐受性和生产效率方面的重要应用，并展望了适应性进化实现微生物细胞工厂在工业环境下高效运行的重要前景。

Adaptive evolution of microorganisms based on industrial environmental perturbations

The development of synthetic biology has greatly promoted the construction of microbial cell factories, providing an important strategy for green and efficient chemical production. However, the bottleneck of poor tolerance to harsh industrial environments has become the key factor hampering the productivity of microbial cells. Adaptive evolution is an important method to domesticate microorganisms for a certain period by applying targeted selection pressure to obtain desired phenotypic or physiological properties that are adapted to a specific environment. Recently, with the development of technologies such as microfluidics, biosensors, and omics analysis, adaptive evolution has laid the foundation for efficient productivity of microbial cell factories. Herein, we discuss the key technologies of adaptive evolution and their important applications in improvement of environmental tolerance and production efficiency of microbial cell factories. Moreover, we looked forward to the prospects of adaptive evolution to realize industrial production by microbial cell factories.