Efficacy and Safety of Anthelmintics Tested against Taenia solium Cysticercosis in Pigs |
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| Authors: | Ernatus Martin Mkupasi Chummy Sikalizyo Sikasunge Helena Aminiel Ngowi Maria Vang Johansen |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark.; 2. Department of Para-clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia.; 3. Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.; Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Peru, |
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| Abstract: | Porcine cysticercosis, an infection caused by Taenia solium metacestodes, is continuously being reported in low-income countries of Latin America, Asia, and sub-Saharan Africa. The disease was declared eradicable by the International Task Force for Diseases Eradication (ITFDE) in 1993, and it is listed among the 17 WHO Neglected Tropical Diseases and Neglected Zoonoses that are potentially eradicable. In view of that, WHO has proposed a step-wise approach to its elimination, including chemotherapy of infected pigs. Different drugs have been tested on porcine cysticercosis with varying efficacies. These include flubendazole, fenbendazole, albendazole, albendazole sulphoxide, oxfendazole, praziquantel, and nitazoxanide. This review summarises available information on the efficacies and adverse effects shown by these drugs in pigs. Oxfendazole has shown to be effective for the control of porcine cysticercosis; however, it needs to be integrated with other control approaches. There is a need for standardised guidelines for evaluating the efficacy of anthelmintics against porcine cysticercosis, and more efficacy studies are needed since the conclusions so far are based on a limited number of studies using few infected pigs.Key Learning Points- Among the anthelmintics evaluated, oxfendazole has proven to be safe and efficacious against porcine cysticercosis.
- Limited intervention trials have shown oxfendazole to be effective for control of porcine cysticercosis; however, it needs to be integrated with other control approaches.
- Standardised protocols for assessment of anthelmintic efficacy and effectiveness for control of porcine cysticercosis are lacking, making inter-study comparison difficult.
- More studies are needed to fully assess the efficacy and effectiveness of oxfendazole and other anthelmintics against T. solium cysticercosis and other pig parasitoses.
Key References- Gonzales AE, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Gavidia CM, Tsang VCW, et al. (1996) Effective, single-dose treatment of porcine cysticercosis with oxfendazole. Am J Trop Med Hyg 54: 391-394.
- Gonzalez AE, Falcon N, Gavidia C, Garcia HH, Tsang VCW, et al. (1997) Treatment of porcine cysticercosis with oxfendazole: a dose-response trial. Vet Rec 141: 420-422.
- Moreno L, Lopez-Urbina MT, Faras C, Domingue G, Donadeu M, et al. (2012) A high oxfendazole dose to control porcine cysticercosis: Pharmacokinetics and tissue residue profiles. Food Chem Toxicol 50: 3819 – 3825.
- Sikasunge CS, Johansen MV, Willingham AL, III, Leifsson PS, Phiri IK (2008) Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis: viability of cysticerci and persistency of antibodies and cysticercal antigens after treatment with oxfendazole. Vet Parasitol 158: 57-66.
- Torres A, Plancarte A, Villalobos ANM, Aluja ASd, Navarro R, et al. (1992) Praziquantel treatment of porcine brain and muscle Taenia solium cysticercosis. 3. Effect of 1-day treatment. Parasitol Res 78: 161-164.
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