Genomic insights into versatile lifestyle of three new bacterial candidate phyla |
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Authors: | Zhang Xinxu Liu Zongbao Xu Wei Pan Jie Huang Yuhan Cai Mingwei Luo Zhuhua Li Meng |
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Institution: | 1.Archaeal Biology Center, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China ;2.Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Microbiome Engineering, Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China ;3.Key Laboratory of Marine Biogenetic Resources, Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China ;4.School of Marine Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China ; |
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Abstract: | Metagenomic explorations of the Earth’s biosphere enable the discovery of previously unknown bacterial lineages of phylogenetic and ecological significance. Here, we retrieved 11 metagenomic-assembled genomes (MAGs) affiliated to three new monophyletic bacterial lineages from the seawater of the Yap Trench. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that each lineage is a new bacterial candidate phylum, subsequently named Candidatus Qinglongiota, Candidatus Heilongiota, and Candidatus Canglongiota. Metabolic reconstruction of genomes from the three phyla suggested that they adopt a versatile lifestyle, with the potential to utilize various types of sugars, proteins, and/or short-chain fatty acids through anaerobic pathways. This was further confirmed by a global distribution map of the three phyla, indicating a preference for oxygen-limited or particle-attached niches, such as anoxic sedimentary environments. Of note, Candidatus Canglongiota genomes harbor genes for the complete Wood- Ljungdahl pathway and sulfate reduction that are similar to those identified in some sulfate-reducing bacteria. Evolutionary analysis indicated that gene gain and loss events, and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) play important roles in shaping the genomic and metabolic features of the three new phyla. This study presents the genomic insight into the ecology, metabolism, and evolution of three new phyla, which broadens the phylum-level diversity within the domain Bacteria. |
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