Cortical Endogenic Neural Regeneration of Adult Rat after Traumatic Brain Injury |
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Authors: | Xin Yi Guohua Jin Xinhua Zhang Weifeng Mao Haoming Li Jianbing Qin Jinhong Shi Kui Dai Fan Zhang |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Anatomy and Cytoneurobiology, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.; 2. Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, The Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.; 3. Xinglin College of Nantong University, Nantong, China.; Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, United States of America, |
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Abstract: | Focal and diffuse neuronal loss happened after traumatic brain injury (TBI). With little in the way of effective repair, recent interest has focused on endogenic neural progenitor cells (NPCs) as a potential method for regeneration. Whether endogenic neural regeneration happened in the cortex of adult rat after TBI remains to be determined. In this study, rats were divided into a sham group and a TBI group, and the rat model of medium TBI was induced by controlled cortical impact. Rats were injected with BrdU at 1 to 7 days post-injury (dpi) to allow identification of differentiated cells and sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 dpi for immunofluorescence. Results showed nestin+/sox-2+ NPCs and GFAP+/sox-2+ radial glial (RG)-like cells emerged in peri-injured cortex at 1, 3, 7, 14 dpi and peaked at 3 dpi. The number of GFAP+/sox-2+ cells was less than that of nestin+/sox-2+ cells. Nestin+/sox-2+ cells from posterior periventricle (pPV) immigrated into peri-injured cortex through corpus callosum (CC) were found. DCX+/BrdU+ newborn immature neurons in peri-injured cortex were found only at 3, 7, 14 dpi. A few MAP-2+/BrdU+ newborn neurons in peri-injured cortex were found only at 7 and 14 dpi. NeuN+/BrdU+ mature neurons were not found in peri-injured cortex at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 dpi. While GFAP+/BrdU+ astrocytes emerged in peri-injured cortex at 1, 3, 7, 14, 28 dpi and peaked at 7 dpi then kept in a stable state. In the corresponding time point, the percentage of GFAP+/BrdU+ astrocytes in BrdU+ cells was more than that of NPCs or newborn neurons. No CNP+/BrdU+ oligodendrocytes were found in peri-injured cortex. These findings suggest that NPCs from pPV and reactive RG–like cells emerge in peri-injured cortex of adult rats after TBI. It can differentiate into immature neurons and astrocytes, but the former fail to grow up to mature neurons. |
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