长江流域水患的思考和对策

长江流域水患由来已久,长江流域的水患是多种因素造成的,除了全球的气候因素外,也有长江流域的环境因素影响。其中一个重要因素是人口压力过大,具有水源涵养功能的森林生态系统自清代后遭到严重破坏,并呈加剧的趋势,失去了涵养水源的功能,表土大量流失,使河床不断抬高是造成1998年特大洪灾的根本原因。应发挥森林作为陆地生态系统主体的作用,调整林业的工作重点。将森林改善环境,防止水土流失,保障可持续发展放在首位。围绕人类与自然协调发展的主题,结合长江流域经济发展与自然资源保护所面临的问题,做出长江流域人口、资源、环境可持续发展的科学规划。建立长江流域资源、环境可持续发展的信息系统和决策支持系统,提高林业的管理水平。政府应以法律和税收的形式保证每年要逐步增加对林业的财政投入,真正发挥森林在保护环境,国土保安和社会经济可持续发展的主导作用。

Thinkings on flood in Yangtze valley and its countermeasures

The floods in Yangtze valley are of long-standing and induced by many factors. Besides global and regional environmental factors, the increasing human population is one of the most important affecting factors. Since Qing Dynasty, the forest ecosystems with water-conservation capacity have been seriously destroyed, which tends to be increasingly aggravated. The facts that forest ecosystems lost their water-conservation capacity, large amounts of topsoils were run off, and the riverbeds were leveled up, were the root causes of the exceptionally serious flood in 1998. It is suggested that the role of forest as the major part of terrestrial ecosystems should be fully played, and the key work in forestry should be adjusted. The functions of forest in improving environment, preventing water and soil loss and ensuring sustainable development should be placed in first importance. Around the central task of harmonizing the development of man and nature, and in combination with the problems challenging the development of economy and the conservation of natural resources in Yangtze valley, the sustainable development of its population, resources and environment should be scientifically programmed. The information system and decision-making support system for the sustainable development should be constructed, the management of forestry should be strengthened, and the governments should secure to gradually increase the fiscal investment on forestry year by year through laws and tax revenue, truly playing the key roles of forest in environment protection, territory security and sustainable development of society and economy.