盐胁迫对VA菌根形成及接种VAM真菌对植物耐盐性的效应

用盆栽法研究了不同土壤含盐量条件下接种不同VAM真菌菌株对棉花、玉米、大豆和甜瓜耐盐性的影响。结果表明,随着土壤中NaCl水平提高,真菌对棉花、玉米、大豆和甜瓜的侵染率下降,其生长量亦均呈递减趋势但对VAM真菌的依赖性则呈明显递增趋势。接种VAM真菌促进了棉花、玉米和大豆的生长,如在NaCl施入量为0～3g·kg^-1时,接种M₁菌株使棉花干重提高4.6～80.9%;在NaCl施入量为0～2.5g·kg^-1时,接种M₁菌株的玉米干重比对照增加20～109.6%;NaCl施入量为1g·kg^-1时,接种M₁和M₂两菌株使大豆干重分别增加22.1%和10.2%.不同的VAM真菌菌株对同一植物的耐盐性以及同一种VAM真菌菌株对不同植物的耐盐性的影响程度不同。可以认为,VAM真菌与植物共生对植物在盐渍环境中的生存起着重要的作用;接种VAM真菌可以提高植物在盐渍土壤上的生产能力并减轻植物因盐害造成的产量损失。

Effects of salinity on VA mycorrhiza formation and of inoculation with VAM fungi on saline-tolerance of plants

At different soil saline contents, the effect of inoculation with different vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungal isolates on saline-tolerance of cotton, corn, soybean and melon plants were investigated with pot experiment. The results show that the infection rate of fungi to the four plants and the biomass of them were declined with increasing NaCl level in soil, while the dependency of these plants on VAM fungi were enhanced. At a given NaCl level, cotton, maize and soybean plants inoculated with VAM fungi had a higher biomass than that of non-mycorrhizal plants. With application of 0～3g·kg^-1 NaCl, the dry weight of cotton inoculated with M₁ isolate was increased by 4.6～80.9%; with application of 0～2.5g·kg^-1 NaCl,the dry weight of maize inoculated with M₁ isolate was increased by 20.0～109.6%; and with application of 1g·kg^-1 NaCl, the dry weights of soybean inoculated with M₁ and M₂ isolates were increased by 22.1% and 10.2%, respectively. Different fungal isolates had different effects on saline-tolerance of same plants, and same isolate had different effects on saline-tolerance of different plants. It is suggested that the VAM fungi-plant symbiosis might play an important role on plant survival on saline soil, and that inoculation with VAM fungi could enhance plant production on saline soil and reduce the loss of plant yield causing by salt.