New conceptual approach for search for molecular causes of diabetus mellitus, based on study of functioning of hormonal signaling systems

The review deals with analysis and generalization of our obtained data about the disturbances appearing in hormonal signaling systems under conditions of diabetes mellitus (DM)—in rats with experimental models of types 1 and 2 DM, in patients with DM, and in invertebrate animals (molluscs) with experimental diabetes-like states. There are discussed changes in functional state of the hormonal signaling systems regulated by different hormones, including biogenic amines and peptides of insulin group, in the wide spectrum of tissues. The conclusion has been made that the disturbances in hormonal signaling systems are the key molecular causes of physiological and metabolic disturbances appearing in types 1 and 2 DM. The concept is formulated of the polyhormonal genesis of DM and systemic character of disturbances by hormones of signaling cascades under conditions of DM.