DNA barcoding is a new approach in comparative genomics of plants |
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Authors: | V S Shneyer |
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Institution: | (1) Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA), Department of Biology, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal;(2) Molecular Ecology and Fisheries Genetics Laboratory (MEFGL), School of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK |
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Abstract: | DNA barcoding was proposed as a method for recognition and identification of eukaryotic species through comparison of sequences
of a standard short DNA fragment—DNA barcode—from an unknown specimen to a library of reference sequences from known species.
This allows identifying an organism at any stage of development from a very small tissue sample, fresh or conserved many years
ago. Molecular identification of plant samples can be used in various scientific and applied fields. It would also help to
find new species, which is particularly important for cryptogamic plants. An optimal DNA barcode region is a small fragment
presented in all species of a major taxonomic group, having invariable nucleotide sequence in all members of the same species,
but with sufficient variation to discriminate among the species. This fragment should be flanked by low-variable regions for
use of universal primers in PCR for amplification and sequencing. The DNA barcode that is well established in animals is a
sequence of a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase gene CO1. However, searching for DNA barcode in plants proved
to be a more challenging task. No DNA region universally suitable for all plants and meeting all of the necessary criteria
has been found. Apparently, a multilocus or two-stage approach should be applied for this purpose. Several fragments of the
chloroplast genome (trnH-psbA, matK, rpoC, rpoB, rbcL) in combinations of two or three regions were suggested as candidate regions with highest potential, but more representative
samples should be examined to choose the best candidate. The possibility is discussed to use as DNA barcode internal transcribed
spacers (ITS) of nuclear rRNA genes, which are highly variable, widely employed in molecular phylogenetic studies at the species
level, but also have some limitations. |
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