Architecture of CRM1/Exportin1 suggests how cooperativity is achieved during formation of a nuclear export complex |
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Authors: | Petosa Carlo Schoehn Guy Askjaer Peter Bauer Ulrike Moulin Martine Steuerwald Ulrich Soler-López Montserrat Baudin Florence Mattaj Iain W Müller Christoph W |
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Affiliation: | European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Grenoble Outstation, B.P. 181, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France. |
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Abstract: | CRM1/Exportin1 mediates the nuclear export of proteins bearing a leucine-rich nuclear export signal (NES) by forming a cooperative ternary complex with the NES-bearing substrate and the small GTPase Ran. We present a structural model of human CRM1 based on a combination of X-ray crystallography, homology modeling, and electron microscopy. The architecture of CRM1 resembles that of the import receptor transportin1, with 19 HEAT repeats and a large loop implicated in Ran binding. Residues critical for NES recognition are identified adjacent to the cysteine residue targeted by leptomycin B (LMB), a specific CRM1 inhibitor. We present evidence that a conformational change of the Ran binding loop accounts for the cooperativity of Ran- and substrate binding and for the selective enhancement of CRM1-mediated export by the cofactor RanBP3. Our findings indicate that a single architectural and mechanistic framework can explain the divergent effects of RanGTP on substrate binding by many import and export receptors. |
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