Mating disruption for control of damage by codling moth in Virginia apple orchards |
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Authors: | D G Pfeiffer W Kaakeh J C Killian M W Lachance and P Kirsch |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, 24061 Blacksburg, VA, USA;(2) Department of Entomology, Coastal Plain Exp. Stn., Univ. Georgia, 31794 Tifton, GA, USA;(3) Dept. of Biological Sciences, Mary Washington College, 22401 Fredericksburg, VA, USA;(4) Virginia Coop. Ext. Serv., P.O.B. 849, 22560 Tappahannock, VA, USA;(5) Pacific Biocontrol Corp., 719 Second St., Suite 12, 95616 Davis, CA, USA |
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Abstract: | Polyethylene dispensers (Shin Etsu) containing 172 ml of the sex pheromone, (E, E)-8,10-dodecadien-1-ol (63%), dodecenol (31%) and tetradecenol (6%), of codling moth (CM),Cydia pomonella (L.), were placed in apple orchards in Virginia. Two blocks of about 2 ha each were treated in 1989, and three in 1990. Dispensers
were placed in trees at a density of 1000/ha shortly after apple bloom. Male orientation to pheromone traps was almost totally
disrupted (a few males were captured at high population densities). In 1989, the Daleville pheromone-treated block had 0.9%
and 0.8% CM-injured fruit in the center and edge, respectively; 0% and 39.5% injured fruit were found in the conventional
control and abandoned blocks, respectively. The Criglersville orchard (‘organically’ managed, with high CM density) CM harvest
injury was 16.0%, 16.5%, 34.5%, and 26.5% in the pheromone-treated center and edge, organic control and abandoned blocks,
respectively. In 1990, the Daleville CM harvest injury was 4.7%, 7.3%, 1.1%, 0.3% and 58%, in the pheromone-treated center
and edge, control center and edge, and abandoned blocks, respectively (possible reasons for the high injury in this block
are discussed). Harvest injury in the Fincastle pheromone-treated and control blocks were 0.7% and 0%, respectively. The Criglersville
orchard yielded 17%, 19% and 20% CM-injured fruit at harvest in the pheromone-treated, organic control and abandoned blocks,
respectively. Pheromone release rate was calculated as 37 mg/ha/h in 1989. |
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Keywords: | Cydia pomonella codling moth mating disruption (E E)-8 10-dodecadien-1-ol pheromones apple Lepidoptera Tortricidae |
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