未授粉子房和胚珠离体培养诱导植物雌核发育研究进展

未授粉子房和胚珠培养离体诱导雌核发育的研究已近半个世纪,目前共有20科40余种种子植物的未授粉子房或胚珠离体培养诱导了雌核发育,但成功获得雌性单倍体的植物只有10科25种2变种。本文重点对离体雌核发育的胚胎学的研究资料进行综述,包括离体条件下胚珠中胚囊的发育状况、雌核发育的模式、雌性单倍体形成的途径以及自发胚乳的离体诱导并指出该领域研究中存在的问题,进一步在研究方法上提出了设想和建议。

Advances in Induction of Gynogenesis In Vitro by Unpollinated Ovary and Ovule Culture

This study covers the last half-century of research into induction of gynogenesis in vitro with unpollinated ovaries and ovules. Gynogenesis has been induced in 40 species belonging to 20 families of seed plants, but in only 25 species and 2 varieties belonging to 10 families have gynogenic haploids been successfully obtained. The paper summarizes embryological studies of gynogenesis, such as the development of the embryo sac in ovules in vitro, patterns of gynogenisis, pathways of the formation of gynogenic haploids, and the induction of spontaneous endosperm in vitro. The problems of studies in this field are discussed and proposed methods of studies suggested.