Paleophytocoenogenesis as the basis of a detailed stratigraphy with special reference to the Carboniferous of the Karaganda basin

The study of phytocoenoses in the Carboniferous section of the Karaganda basin served as the basis for the establishment of three types of Carboniferous vegetation: (a) swampy-silvan with the domination of lycopsids; (b) near-shore silvan with the dominant of arthrophytes; and (c) wood-shrub with the domination of pteridosperms on the uplands. The indicated types of vegetation could coexist simultaneously; the participation of each was unequal, it depended on paleolandscape settings. The dynamics of these correlations is a diagnostic feature of definite intervals of section in the volume of suites, parts of suites or even intervals of separate coal beds.