Use of Salmonella typhimurium TA 98, YG 1024 and YG 1021 and deconjugating enzymes for evaluating the mutagenicity from smokers' urine

Four smokers were chosen for their different smoking habits, and their declared cigarette consumption confirmed by urinary measurement of nicotine and its metabolites. The promutagenicity of their urine was evaluated by the Ames test, modified according to Kado et al. (Mutation Res., 31 (1983) 25–32) after extraction on XAD2 Amberlite resin. The different Salmonella typhimurium strains TA 98, YG 1021 and YG 1024 were compared to determine the presence of amino aromatic compounds in the urine of smokers of blond and black tobacco. The strain YG 1024 shows higher mutagenicity than TA 98 for extracts from the smoker's urine and more particularly from black tobacco smokers. In addition, the pretreatment of urine by external enzymatic systems (β-glucuronidase or arylsulfatase) reveals the presence in the urine of glucurono- and sulfoconjugated forms of promutagens, including amino aromatic compounds.