微生物培养基质量控制技术和标准

微生物培养基的酸碱度、凝胶强度和选择性等直接影响到培养基的质量，在理化试验方法中采用连接可渗透陶器型液体接头的电极和平头电极或者连接微型探头的电极可分别测定液体和固体培养基的pH值，而采用Gelometer和the LFRA Texture Analyser可测定固体培养基的凝胶强度。在微生物学方法中固体培养基采用倾注平板法、涂布法、划线法（半定量法）、改良的Miles-Misra法等测定生长情况，液体培养基采用稀释法测定生长率，用目标菌和杂菌的混合菌株评价选择性增菌培养基的选择性，利用OD值评价液体培养基生长率等。ICFMH（国际食品微生物学和卫生学委员会培养基工作组）、ISO、FDA以及我国卫生部等相继制定了培养基质量控制的标准，但目前还没有一个系统的适合我国国情的培养基质量控制国家标准，以致各相关单位采用的标准不一致，所以制定培养基质量控制国家标准非常关键。

Techniques and Standards for Quality Control of Microbial Culture Media

The quality of media can be directly influenced by pH value, gel consistency and selectivity of media. The pH of liquid media should be checked by electrodes with a porous ceramic type of liquid junction, and the pH of gels may be tested using either a flat-head electrode or a micro probe combination electrode. Gel strength of agar can be checked by Gelometer and the LFRA Texture Analyser. Solid media can be checked by methods such as pour or spread plate counts, streaking method and modified Miles-Misra method, liquid media can bechecked by dilution, with mixed cultures of wanted and unwanted microorganism and based on OD measurements. ICFMH, ISO, FDA and the Ministry of Health of China have established some standards for culture media. But there are no systematic standards for China. Standards corresponding with the situation of our country must be established in the near future.