云南三江并流区六库-片马公路车辆运营对路域鸟类行为的影响

车辆运营对鸟类的影响已经引起了国际上广泛的关注,我国还鲜有相关研究。本文以云南三江并流区穿越云南高黎贡山国家级自然保护区的S316六库-片马公路为研究对象,采用慢速行车结合徒步调查的方法,于2009～2010年研究了交通视觉因素(车色、车型、车速)、交通噪声因素(路肩处与路域100m范围)、鸟类距离因素与鸟类行为反应之间的关系。结果表明,与鸟类行为反应有关系的因子有路肩噪声值(P=0.045,Spearman Correlation R=0.200)、路域100m范围噪声值(P=0.048,Spearman Correlation R=0.319)、车速(P=0.010,Spearman Correlation R=-0.236)、车型(P=0.030,Spearman Correlation R=-0.196)以及鸟类距公路的距离(P=0.027,Spearman Correlation R=-0.254)。为此提出在部分敏感路段应采用禁鸣、减噪路面等措施来减少交通运营对鸟类的影响。

The Effects of Liuku-Pianma Highway Operation on Bird Behaviors in the Three Paralled Rivers of Yunnan Protected Areas

Although studies on the effects of road operation on bird behaviors have been carried out in many countries in recent years,few research has been conducted in China.In this paper,we took the S316,Liuku-Pianma highway bisecting Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve of Yunnan as a case study,using the investigation methods of field surveys by driving at a low-speed and on foot,then analyzed the relationships between the traffic visual factors(color,size,speed of vehicles),traffic noise factors(road shoulder and roadside 100 m interior range),the distance to highway and the behavior reactions of birds observed.The results indicate that:there are significant correlations between noise value of road shoulder(P=0.045,Spearman Correlation R=0.200),noise value of roadside 100 m interior range(P=0.048,Spearman Correlation R=0.319),speed(P=0.010,Spearman Correlation R=-0.236),size of vehicles(P=0.030,Spearman Correlation R=-0.196),the distance between birds and highway(P=0.027,Spearman Correlation R=-0.254)and the behavior reactions of birds.We suggest to take measures such as adopting low noise value paved way,forbidding whistle,and setting caution signs on sensitive road sections to decrease the effects of road operation on birds.