基于文献计量的细菌-生物炭协同修复重金属污染土壤研究进展

为提高重金属污染土壤可持续修复效能,研究生物炭与细菌对重金属污染土壤的协同修复作用。基于文献计量学分析及重金属污染土壤修复背景,总结了细菌与生物炭对土壤重金属的稳定化特征及菌炭间的相互作用,分析了单一生物炭或细菌对重金属污染土壤修复的局限性,强调了细菌-生物炭协同修复技术的优势,阐述了细菌与生物炭主要通过离子交换、固定作用、氧化还原作用和迁移作用等重要机制有效修复重金属污染土壤,揭示了细菌-生物炭协同作用在重金属污染土壤修复中的巨大应用价值。文献计量学研究表明,生物炭与细菌对重金属污染土壤的协同修复已得到广泛关注。目前认为:生物炭与细菌的协同作用可有效改良土壤理化性质及提高土壤修复效率,也可促进植物生长及植物修复进程;生物炭对细菌影响具有双重性质,可促进细菌生长,也可能对细菌产生毒害;细菌可改变生物炭的理化性质,进而强化生物炭的重金属固定性能;细菌协同生物炭联合修复重金属污染土壤过程中,生物炭主导吸附和固定,细菌则发挥活化和解毒等功能;优化细菌-生物炭组合形式,发展混合细菌与多种类生物炭协同技术,是复合重金属污染土壤可持续修复亟待解决的重要问题;进一步揭示细菌与生物炭对重金属污染土壤的耦合作用及长效作用机制,规避生物炭生产和应用中的潜在生态健康风险,研发新型高效能细菌与生物炭复合体是细菌协同生物炭可持续修复重金属污染土壤应用领域面临的挑战。

Synergistic Remediation of Bacteria and Biochar for Heavy Metal-contaminated Soil: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

Heavy metal pollution in soil poses a serious threat to ecological environment security and human health. In the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metals, microbial remediation has advantages such as cleanliness, efficiency, low cost, and ecological friendliness, but it is difficult to achieve long-term stable remediation. The synergistic remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metal by biochar and bacteria was studied to improve the efficiency of sustainable remediation. Based on bibliometric analysis and the background of the remediation for soil contaminated with heavy metal, the stabilization characteristics of heavy metals in soil by bacteria and biochar, as well as the interaction between biochar and bacteria were summarized. The limitations of remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metal by single biochar or bacteria were analyzed and the advantages of synergistic remediation technology of bacteria and biochar were emphasized. The effective remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metal by bacteria and biochar mainly through important mechanisms such as ion exchange, fixation, oxidation-reduction, and migration was described, and the great application value for synergism of bacteria and biochar in the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metal was revealed. Bibliometric studies showed that the synergistic remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metal by biochar and bacteria has received widespread attention. At present, it is believed that the synergistic effect of biochar and bacteria can effectively improve the physicochemical properties of soil and the efficiency of soil remediation, as well as promote plant growth and phytoremediation processes. Biochar has a dual effect on bacteria, promoting their growth and potentially causing toxicity to them; Bacteria can alter the physicochemical properties of biochar, enhancing the heavy metal fixation performance of biochar. During the process of bacteria cooperating with biochar for the remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metal, biochar dominates adsorption and fixation, while bacteria play functions such as activation and detoxification. Optimizing the combination of bacteria and biochar and developing synergistic technologies between the mixed bacteria and multiple types of biochar are important issues that urgently need to be addressed for sustainable remediation of soil contaminated with heavy metal. Further revealing the coupling effect and long-term mechanism of bacteria and biochar on soil contaminated with heavy metal, avoiding potential ecological and health risks in biochar production and application, and developing new high-efficiency bacteria-biochar complexes are the challenges facing the application field of sustainable remediation for soil contaminated with heavy metal through the synergistic effect of bacteria and biochar.