基于质谱技术的蛋白质组学方法应用于 2000 年前食物残留的分析

考古样品中蛋白质残留物的保存状态能否应用质谱技术成功分析，取决于其特定埋藏环境微生物条件和埋藏年代两个主要因素。目前国际上的最新进展，是成功分析距今大约800～600年之间陶器碎片上附着的粘土状残留物，测定出其中的蛋白质成分来源于灰海狮，该样品来自邻近北冰洋的极寒地区。尝试分析距今2000年左右，出土于云南黑玛井遗址两件青铜容器内的内容物样品，其中一件的内容物外观性状为颗粒状，另外一件则为膏状。分析结果发现，颗粒状样品未能测出蛋白质残留成分，而膏状样品则保留了大量蛋白质残留的信息。这一结果表明，基于生物质谱技术的蛋白质组学方法有可能应用于温带埋藏环境以及年代更为古老的考古样品。

Analysis of 2000-year-old ancient food residue using mass spectrometry-based proteomics method

The mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis of the protein residues in the archaeological sample depends on two critical factors such as the microbial environments of the buried place and how long the sample has been buried. By using this proteomics ap- proach, Solazzo analyzed the proteins trapped in few milligrams of the clay matrix of a 1200 - 1400AD potsherd fragment from the ex- treme cold district in Arctic and successfully concluded that the protein residue is from gray seal, indicating the importance of pro- teomics analysis in the identification of ancient protein samples. In this study, two ancient samples from separate bronze wares, which were unearthed from HeiMaJiug in Yunnan province, were attempted to analyze. The samples are about 2000 years old. One sample is in particles shapes and the other one is in clay shapes. The results demonstrated that the granular sample did not contain trace amounts of protein, while the clay shaped sample had high amounts of protein. Therefore, our study suggests that the mass spectrometry based proteomics method could be applied to the ancient samples buried under temperate climate or to the older ancient samples.