Pump-like channelrhodopsins: Not just bridging the gap between ion pumps and ion channels |
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Affiliation: | 1. Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India;2. Laboratory of Optobiology, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India;3. Institut für Biologie, Experimentelle Biophysik, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany;4. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre, Kurchatov Institute, St. Petersburg, Gatchina 1 188300, Russia |
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Abstract: | Channelrhodopsins are microbial rhodopsins that work as light-gated ion channels. Their importance has become increasingly recognized due to their ability to control the membrane potential of specific cells in a light-dependent manner. This technology, termed optogenetics, has revolutionized neuroscience, and numerous channelrhodopsin variants have been isolated or engineered to expand the utility of optogenetics. Pump-like channelrhodopsins (PLCRs), one of the recently discovered channelrhodopsin subfamilies, have attracted broad attention due to their high sequence similarity to ion-pumping rhodopsins and their distinct properties, such as high light sensitivity and ion selectivity. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure-function relationships of PLCRs and discuss the challenges and opportunities of channelrhodopsin research. |
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