Arbuscular mycorrhiza confers Pb tolerance in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Calopogonium mucunoides</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Lucas Anjos de Souza Sara Adrián López de Andrade Sarah Caroline Ribeiro de Souza Marlene Aparecida Schiavinato |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, CP 6109, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; |
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Abstract: | Heavy metals (HMs) are environmental pollutants of great concern to humans because of their high potential toxicity. Lead
is a HM that is present in the soil in very small amounts, but anthropogenic activities have increased its content in some
locations, which can make these areas unproductive or inappropriate for crop production. However, there are some plants that
can grow in contaminated soils and, thus, can be useful for the removal or stabilisation of such contaminants. In addition,
plants that are not able to tolerate high concentrations of HMs in the soil can become tolerant or increase their performance
when associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. Accordingly, this study was carried out to verify whether the inoculation
of Glomus etunicatum, an AM fungus species, in Calopogonium mucunoides would influence plant tolerance to increasing concentrations of Pb in the soil. The experimental design was completely randomised,
in a 2 × 4 factorial design, and the treatments consisted of inoculation (or not) with the AM fungus, G. etunicatum, and the addition of four Pb concentrations (0, 250, 500 or 1,000 mg kg−1) to the soil. The results showed that the association of C. mucunoides with G. etunicatum promoted biomass production, and nutrient uptake (P, S and Fe) was also positively influenced by mycorrhization. The malondialdehyde
content was higher in non-mycorrhizal leaves, suggesting a reduction in the damage to membranes by lipid peroxidation in plants
associated with mycorrhizae. However, the Pb concentration in the shoots did not differ between the mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal
plants. The results of our study suggest that the AM symbiosis can be considered very effective in contributing to the tolerance
of C. mucunoides to Pb. |
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