Necrotrophic mycoparasitism of Botrytis cinerea by cellulolytic and ligninocellulolytic Basidiomycetes

Twenty-six isolates representing 17 species of aphyllophoraceous, wood-decaying Basidiomycetes and five species of agaricoid, turf-borne, thatch-decaying Basidiomycetes were screened for their abilities to degrade cellulose, lignin, and melanin by using colorimetric degradation assays on agar media. Selected ligninocellulolytic Basidiomycetes capable of degrading melanin were screened for antagonism of Botrytis cinerea Per.:Fr. The greatest inhibition of Botrytis colony and hyphal growth in vitro was observed in confrontations with Irpex lacteus (Fr.) Fr., Trametes versicolor (L.:Fr.) Pilat, and Chondrostereum purpureum (Pers.:Fr.) Pouzar. Hyphal interference and necrotrophic mycoparasitism by these ligninocellulolytic Basidiomycetes were recognized microscopically as coagulation and degeneration of Botrytis cytoplasm and as coiling and invasion of hyphae, conidiophores, and conidia, respectively. Sclerotia of B. cinerea were killed and parasitized in agar media, straw mulch, or moist sand infested separately with these three mycoparasites.