大兴安岭林区道路对植物多样性的影响域

道路在多种尺度上影响多种景观过程,确定道路对植被的影响距离和估算其影响面积是整合道路影响和生态过程的核心问题.本文在黑龙江省大兴安岭呼中林区选择不同等级道路(呼林主路、运材主线和运材支线)设置10条长50 m垂直于道路的样带,每条样带设置25个2 m×2 m的样方,依据样方植被调查数据计算每个样方的重要值,并利用该值进行移动窗口分析,确定道路对植物多样性的影响距离.结果表明:该区道路对植物多样性的影响距离为20～34 m,且呼林主路、运材主线和运材支线之间无显著区别.道路影响距离内灌木层和草本层的植物多样性大于森林内部生境,Shannon-Weiner指数分别增加21%和60%,灌木层对道路影响的反应比草本层更加稳定,而乔木层没有显著变化.草本植物柳兰(Chamaenerion angustifolium)是路域植被的特征物种.以该影响距离为基础估算，2000年呼中林业局和黑龙江大兴安岭林区道路占地面积均约为0.10%,对植被的影响面积分别为1.70%和1.53%.

Effect zone of forest road on plant species diversity in Great Hing'an Mountians

Forest road has far-reaching effects on plant species diversity across varying scales,and the estimation of its effect distance and effect zone is a key issue to integrate the road effect and ecological processes in forest area. In this paper,ten transects,2 m wide and extending 50 m from varying grade roads including main road,main line for wood transportation,and secondary line for wood transportation in Huzhong forest area of Great Hing'an Mountains were set. The plant composition was investigated in twe...