Tissue-resident macrophages are productively infected ex vivo by primary X4 isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 |
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Authors: | Jayakumar Prerana Berger Irina Autschbach Frank Weinstein Mark Funke Benjamin Verdin Eric Goldsmith Mark A Keppler Oliver T |
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Affiliation: | Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA. |
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Abstract: | Infection of macrophages has been implicated as a critical event in the transmission and persistence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Here, we explore whether primary X4 HIV-1 isolates can productively infect tissue macrophages that have terminally differentiated in vivo. Using immunohistochemistry, HIV-1 RNA in situ hybridization, and confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate that macrophages residing in human tonsil blocks can be productively infected ex vivo by primary X4 HIV-1 isolates. This challenges the model in which macrophage tropism is a key determinant of the selective transmission of R5 HIV-1 strains. Infection of tissue macrophages by X4 HIV-1 may be highly relevant in vivo and contribute to key events in HIV-1 pathogenesis. |
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